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Christophe Roche

Structures of Research

  • Head of the Condillac Research Group on « Terminology & Ontology » – LISTIC Lab. University Savoie Mont-Blanc (France). Created from the Condillac Research Group in Knowledge Engineering at the University of Savoie (Equipe de Recherche Technologique Condillac No. 20032288, French Ministry of Research), Condillac is today an international research group whose interests concern Terminology and Ontology, and, in a more general way, the links between Language and Knowledge.Condillac is in charge of the organization of the TOTh International Conference on Terminology and Ontology.
  • Dean of the KETRC Research Center on « Knowledge Engineering and Terminology », University of Liaocheng (China). The KETRC was launched on November 5th 2017 in collaboration with Prof. Roche Christophe (University Savoie Mont-Blanc, France) awarded by the Talent Program of the Shandong Province. The main domains of interest of the KETRC are Knowledge Engineering (Artificial Intelligence) and Multilingual Terminology with a particular interest in Digital Humanities and ISO Standards.

Domains of Research

My main domains of interest are about Terminology as a scientific discipline, Ontology coming from Knowledge Engineering taking into account philosophical and logical principles, and about combining both into a new paradigm of Ontoterminology (a terminology whose conceptual system is a formal ontology).

Ontoterminology is based on a new Concept Theory of Terminology (C.T.T.) relying on consistent epistemological and logical principles.

Ontoterminology is involved into several projects and applications, either research or industrial: e.g. multilingual ontology-oriented terminology, multilingual semantic search engine, content management system, ontology-oriented thesaurus.

The « Naming the Things » project aims to gather people coming from different disciplines interested in applying terminology and ontology to their domains, e.g. Digital Humanities.


Terminology

Terminology is both a science, « science studying the structure, formation, development, usage and management of terminologies in various subject fields » [ISO 1087-1] and the result of its application to a domain: « set of designations belonging to one special language » [ISO 1087-1].

Nowadays, there is a risk of Terminology being absorbed as an independent discipline to the advantage of specialised lexicography or of knowledge engineering; the former reducing it to a study of linguistic phenomena and the latter, to an issue of computational knowledge representation. Nevertheless, Terminology as a scientific discipline is crucial if we consider that its primary aim is to understand the world, describe the objects that populate it and find the right words to talk about them. Although terminology aims to clarify communication between humans and not to provide computational models [ISO 704], we are forced to recognise that it is not entirely satisfactory from the perspective of both Logic (by providing consistent definitions), computation (through a conceptual system representation) and even from epistemological principles (the essential characteristic is no a more principle in the last version of the IS0 704 standard). If Terminology is to continue to exist as an independent scientific discipline, it needs to re-examine its Terminology Principles.

My main goal, as Project leader of the ISO 1087-1 and 704 Standards and as Chairman of the of the AFNOR Commission on Terminology (X03A), is to lead the current revisions of these standards towards more consistent versions taking into account the last results of related disciplines (Linguistics, Computer Science, Knowledge Representation, Logic) and the benefits of the Digital Revolution.

My current research on Terminology is about specifying a new Concept Theory of Terminology (C.T.T.) relying on consistent principles from an epistemological and logical point of view.

Bibliography

ISO 1087-1 2000. Terminology work – Vocabulary – Part 1: Theory and application. Geneva: International Standards Organization.

ISO 704 2009. Terminology work – Principles and methods. Geneva: International Standards Organization.

Should Terminology Principles be re-examined?

C.Roche. TKE 2012, 10th Terminology and Knowledge Engineering Conference , Madrid (Spain), 19-22 June 2012, pp.17-32.


Ontology

Ontology in Knowledge Engineering is defined as a formal specification of a conceptualization of a domain, which means a définition of concepts and their relations in a language understandable both by humans and computers.

« An ontology is a conceptualisation of a domain to which one or several vocabularies can be associated and which participates to the meaning of terms. Defined for a given objective, an ontology expresses a point of view shared by a community. An ontology is represented in a language (explicit ontology) whose theory (semantics) guarantees the properties of the ontology in terms of consensus, coherence, sharing and reuse. » [1]

My work on Ontology aims to reconcile epistemological and logical principles into a computational model [2], [3], [4].

OCW

OCW is based on an agent-oriented architecture written in Smalltalk, and on a dedicated language for writing ontologies by specific differentiation called LOK, Language for Ontological Knowledge, a « à la Lisp » language.

The OK ontologies can be exported into different exchange formats like OWL and RDF.

Bibliography

[1] Ontology : a survey. C. Roche. 8th Symposium on Automated Systems Based on Human Skill and Knowledge – IFAC, September 22-24 2003, Göteborg, Sweden

[2] The ‘Specific-Difference’ Principle: a Methodology for Building Consensual and Coherent Ontologies. C.Roche. IC-AI’2001: Las Vegas, USA, June 25-28, 2001

[3] The Differentia Principle: a Cornerstone for Ontology. C.Roche. Knowledge Management and Philosophy; Workshop in WM 2003 Conference, Luzern, 2-4 april, 2003

[4] Aristotelian Ontologies and OWL Modeling. M. Spies, C.Roche. Handbook of Ontologies for Business Interaction, Chap. II, 2008, pp. 21-33


Ontoterminology

www.ontoterminology.com

double-triangle

An ontology is not a terminology, and a terminology is not an ontology: they have not the same goal. Nevertheless, ontology is today one of the most promising perspectives to Terminology (e.g. for IT applications) [1].

Ontoterminology, terminology whose conceptual system is a formal ontology, is a new paradigm [2] introduced in 2007 [3]. Based on the fact that linguistic and conceptual dimensions do not match, Ontoterminology makes explicit the double dimension of Terminology. Ontoterminology preserves the linguistic diversity taking into account multilingualism and allows to standardize the domain knowledge.

Ontoterminology relies on a double semantic triangle. Term and Concept name are no more confused, as well as Term definition and Concept definition.

Multilingual Terminology editor

Building ontoterminologies is a difficult task which requires a dedicated software environment. Tedi, for ontoTerminology EDItor, provides a set of useful tools based on epistemological principles. Tedi allows to define the formal ontology and the set of terms in the different languages idependently of each other. The different set of terms are linked through the shared ontology. It also allows objects and proper names editing as well as export in different exchange formats (RDF, HTML, SKOS, JSON).

Bibliography

[1] Terminologie et ontologie

C.Roche. Revue Langages, 39e année, n°157, 2005, pp. 48-62

[2] Ontoterminology: How to unify terminology and ontology into a single paradigm

C.Roche. LREC 2012, Eighth international conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, 
Istanbul (Turkey), 21-27 May 2012, pp. 2626-2630

[3] Le terme et le concept : fondements d’une ontoterminologie

C.Roche. TOTh 2007, Terminologie & Ontologie : Théories et applications, Annecy (France), 1er juin 2007, pp. 1-22


Concept Theory of Terminology (C.T.T.)

ctt-2

The need for operationalization of terminology in information processing has resulted in the digital society reviving Wusterian terminology. The conceptual dimension once more prevails after taking the back seat to specialised lexicography. This is demonstrated by the emergence of the ontology approach (with its source in knowledge engineering) in terminology [1].

While the Terminology Principles as defined in the Felber’s manual and the ISO standards remain at the core of traditional terminology, their computational implementation has highlighted logical and epistemological inconsistency issues [2].

The Concept Theory of Terminology (C.T.T.) is a response to these issues. The distinction between singular knowledge (object) and plural knowledge (concept) is introduced as well as the notions of class and collection (extensional approach for gathering objects); and the descriptive characteristic allows to represent the different possible states of a same object [3].

Bibliography

[1] Terminologie et ontologie

C.Roche. Revue Langages, 39e année, n°157, 2005, pp. 48-62

[2] Should Terminology Principles be re-examined?

C.Roche. TKE 2012, 10th Terminology and Knowledge Engineering Conference , Madrid (Spain), 19-22 June 2012, pp.17-32

[3] The Language of Concept: Concept Theory of Terminology

C.Roche. to be published


The KETRC, for Knowledge Engineering & Terminology Research Center, is a new Research Center of the University of Liaocheng (Shandong Province, China).

Photo 1: from left to right: Mr. Zhuxiu Zhang, Director, Foreign Expert Bureau of Shandong Province; Mr. Fanping Yi, deputy director-general at Department of Cultural and Educational Experts of State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs; Prof. & Dr Xianjian Cai, President of Liaocheng University; Mr. Jianmin Guo, Vice Mayor of Liaocheng City.

The KETRC was launched on November 5th 2017 in collaboration with Prof. Roche Christophe (University Savoie Mont-Blanc, France) awarded by the Talent Program of the Shandong Province.

The main domains of interest of the KETRC are Knowledge Engineering (Artificial Intelligence) and Multilingual Terminology with a particular interest in Digital Humanities and ISO Standards.

Photo 2: Prof. Cai Xianjin, President of the Liaocheng University and Prof. Roche Christophe, Dean of the KETRC


International & European Projects

  • H2020 European Project « Elexis » – www.elex.is – 2018-2022

On behalf of University NOVA of Lisbon.

The project proposes to integrate, extend and harmonise national and regional efforts in the field of lexicography, both modern and historical, with the goal of creating a sustainable infrastructure which will (1) enable efficient access to high quality lexical data in the digital age, and (2) bridge the gap between more advanced and lesser-resourced scholarly communities working on lexicographic resources. It is composed of content-holding institutions and researchers with complementary backgrounds – lexicography, digital humanities, language technology and standardisation – a crucial feature required to address the multi-disciplinary objectives of the project.

  • Talent Program of the Shandong Province – www.ketrc.com – 2017-2019

The awarded program aims to set up a new Research Center on Knowledge Engineering and Terminology at the University of Liaocheng in relation to the activites carried out by the Condillac Research Group.

KETRC focuses on Knowledge Engineering and Terminology in the context of the Semantic Web both from a theoretical and practical point of view, with Digital Humanities and Industrial projects as main domains of applications.

  • FP 7 European Project « AthenaPlus » – www.athenaplus.eu – 2013-2015

University of Savoie was in charge of multilingual terminology issues. A software environment called TMP2 was developed based on an ontoterminology-oriented engine.

The principal objectives of the AthenaPlus project were to: I) Contribute more than 3.6 millions metadata records to Europeana; II) Improve search, retrieval and re-use of Europeana’s content, bettering multilingual terminology management; III) Experiment with enriched metadata their re-use adapted for users with different needs .

  • Xu Guangqi Project – 2015

A one-year project in collaboration with the University of Liaocheng (Shandong district, China) about multilingual terminology applied the ISO Standards.

  • Interreg IV European Project « Ontoreverse » – 2013-2015

University of Savoie was in charge of the ontoterminology dimension of the project. An ontoterminology-oriented engine dedicated to software engineering was developed. The domain ontoterminologies were specified in collaboration with experts.

The Ontoreverse project is about reverse engineering based on domain ontologies. The main idea is that understanding programs relies on matching domain concepts with software structures.

  • PAULIF Project – 2012-2014

A two-years project with Portugal (University NOVA of Lisbon) on Terminology and Knowledge Organization in Medicine.

  • FP 7 European Project « SIERA » – 2011-2014

On behalf of University NOVA of Lisbon.

The general objective of the project is to reinforce closer scientific cooperation between EU and Palestinian scientists in the field of multilingual and multicultural knowledge sharing technologies (The diversity of languages, cultures and standards are the main barriers to sharing and consuming knowledge).

  • FP 7 European Project « Linked Heritage » – www.linkedheritage.org – 2011-2013

University of Savoie was in charge of the Workspackage 3 on Terminology.

The Linked Heritage Project had 3 main objectives:

I) to contribute large quantities of new content to Europeana, from both the public and private sectors;

II) to demonstrate enhancement of quality of content, in terms of metadata richness, re-use potential and uniqueness;

III) to demonstrate enable improved search, retrieval and use of Europeana content.

  • European Project Tempus « Pal-Gov » – 2010-2012

Advanced tutorials on Knowledge Engineering, Ontology, Terminology, and Lexical Semantics

The project aims to develop a set of contemporary knowledge materials by the Partner Universities,

consistent with EU standards that will fulfill the needs of the national plans of Palestine to implement IT based solutions for e-Government. The project will the foster transfer of state-of-the-art knowledge and best practices from Europe to Palestine on electronic services in general, and e-Governmental services in particular.

  • Interreg III European Project « GICOM » – 2006-2008

The French-Swiss Project « Gestion Innovante des Compétences de l’Organisation et des Métiers » was set up in collaboration with the Federal Polytechnic School of Lausanne (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland). It succeeded to propose a new method of knowledge and skill management based on a domain ontology of competency.

  • European Project FP6 « ASTECH » – 2006-2008

The main technical goal of the project was to set-up Technology Resource Centres in Europe, with the aim of building bridges between the technology providers (research centres, architects, local actors, etc.).

  • Interreg II European Project « MAPPING » – 1999-2002

The French-Italian Project « MAPPING : Méthode d’Aide au Pilotage de Projets Innovation Globale » was set up in collaboration with the CERIS lab. of the Italian National Research Council (CNR). Its main goal was to specify an assessment method of innovation relying on the representation of the strategic knowledge of enterprise and of its know-how.

  • Eureka European Project « PVS98 » – 1996-2000

The main objective of the EU 1439 Eureka project was to specify and develop a new architecture based on a FIPA (Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents) Multi-Agent System and Ontology for Enterprise Modeling.


Content Management System

Carrying out a search on ideas and no more on their different verbal designations, as well as carrying out a search in my mother tongue and finding out all the relevant documents whatever their writing language and without translated them, are the main objectives of this work.

Ontoterminology allows, first, based on its multilingual terminology dimension, to classify documents on concepts considered as language-independant knowledge and, second, a concept-oriented semantic search. Using the logical properties of the formal ontology makes possible to improve the relevance of the results.

In the following example, carried out in collaboration with GRETh (Groupement pour la Recherche sur les Échangeurs Thermiques), looking for the concept ‘Tranfert de chaleur’ in French returns a set of documents the firsts of which are written in English.


Specialized Dictionary

Ontoterminology, defined as a terminology whose conceptual system is a formal ontology, explicits the double dimension of terminology, linguistic and conceptual. It is then possible to build specialized dictionnaries based on these two dimensions.

A specialized dictionary entry can be either a term or a concept. Term and concept name, as well as concept definition and term definition, are no more confused. In the following example carried out in the domain of hydraulic dam, the two concept and term cards are displayed in the same interface.

Puting forward concept also allows new approaches of specialiszed dictionary browsing like hyperschemas and ontology-oriented navigators.


Thesaurus

Making collections accessible to users speaking different languages raises several issues among which the multilingualism problem. Finding equivalent terms as well as mapping thesauri require a common conceptualisation or at least “compatible” conceptualisations.

In that context, ontology of the knowledge engineering, defined as a formal specification of a domain conceptualization, is one of the most promising perspectives for the concept system of thesaurus and terminology. By distinguishing and combining the two conceptual and linguistic dimensions, ontoterminology enables a more comprehensive understanding of the domain, and a more precise description of collections in relation to the domain knowledge. It also enables to improve search functionalities by using both the linguistic relationships between terms and the logical properties of the relationships between concepts. At last, mapping thesauri can gain benefits from works on ontology alignment.

The ontoterminology approach of thesaurus – an ontoterminology is a terminology whose conceptual system is a formal ontology – was used into different European projects dedicated to cultural heritage (Linked Heritage, AthenaPlus), to multilingual knowledge sharing (SIERA), and to multilingual terminology (University of Liaocheng).

http://christophe-roche.fr/Projects/thesaurus

This approach is illustrated with OTe-for-Thesaurus, a thesaurus editor based on ontoterminology. In accordance with the ISO 25964-1 and 25964-2 Standards on Thesaurus, the OTe-for-Thesaurus provides functionalities for creation, editing, and mapping thesauri. Based on the SKOS interchange format, it also allows importing and exporting thesauri. The TMP2, stands for Thesaurus Management Platform version 2, is the version of OTe-for-Thesaurus developed for the AthenaPlus European project.

Multilingual terminology: the ontological approach - C. Roche, L. Damas, J. Roche. CIDOC 2014 (International Committee for Documentation), Dresden (Germany), 6-11 September 2014


Naming the Things

« Bien comprendre les choses pour bien définir les termes qui en parlent »

http://christophe-roche.fr/Projects/Naming%20the%20Things


Digital Humanities

Digital Humanities (DH) is a newly emerging interdisciplinary area at the intersection of Computer Science and the Humanities (including but not limited to art, geography, history, language, literature, music). Its main aim is to develop and implement digital tools to Humanities research.

The fundamental question in DH is how datasets from the Humanities can be represented digitally in such a way that both humans and machines can process and exchange them on the Web. Ontology and Terminology have a central role to play to this end.


www.ontoterminology.com/tedi

Multilingual Terminology editor

Tedi, for ontoTerminology EDItor, is a software environment dedicated to building multilingual ontoterminology (an ontoterminology is a terminology whose conceptual system is a formal ontology).Tedi allows to define the formal ontology and the set of terms in the different languages independently of each other. The different set of terms are linked through the shared ontology.

Tedi offers a set of tools for building ontologies and the lists of terms. It also allows objects and proper names editing as well as export in different exchange formats (RDF, HTML, SKOS, JSON).

  • Conceptual system (ontology) building.

Based on essential and descriptive characteristics, Tedi provides epistemological guidelines (Aristotelian principles) for building consistent conceptual system (logical properties are verified during the ontology building process). For example in defining new generic concepts, only valid concepts are proposed by Tedi.

TediConceptEditor

Fig.1 « Multilingual terminology of ancient Greek dress: an ontological approach ». This research has been implemented as part of the Marie Skłodowska-Curie project no. 657868 entitled Chlamys. The cultural biography of a garment in Hellenistic Egypt.

  • Term list building.

The lists of terms are defined independently of each other in each language using the Tedi Term-List editor. The lists of terms are automatically put into relation due to the common ontology.

Based on the fact that a term denotes a concept, we can define equivalence in terminology and synonymy in terminology when two terms denote the same concept. Under such a condition, Tedi automaticaly calculates the terminological equivalents and the terminological synonyms.

  • Export.

The ontoterminologies can be exported in OTE (OntoTerminoly Exchange), RDF/OWL, SKOS, and HTML.


in Hal archive

Selected articles:

Terminologie et ontologie

C.Roche. Revue Langages, 39e année, n°157, 2005, pp. 48-62

Ontology: a survey

C.Roche. 8th Symposium on Automated Systems Based on Human Skill and Knowledge – IFAC, September 22-24 2003, Göteborg, Sweden

Le terme et le concept : fondements d’une ontoterminologie

C.Roche. TOTh 2007, Terminologie & Ontologie : Théories et applications, Annecy (France), 1er juin 2007, pp. 1-22

Ontoterminology: How to unify terminology and ontology into a single paradigm

C.Roche. LREC 2012, Eighth international conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, Istanbul (Turkey), 21-27 May 2012, pp. 2626-2630

Saying is not modelling

C.Roche. NLPCS 2007, Natural Language Processing and Cognitive Science, Funchal (Portugal), 12-13 June 2007, pp. 47-56

Should Terminology Principles be re-examined?

C.Roche. TKE 2012, 10th Terminology and Knowledge Engineering Conference , Madrid (Spain), 19-22 June 2012, pp.17-32

Représentations formelles en terminologie

C.Roche. Verbal and Nonverbal Representation in Terminology, TOTh Workshop 2013, Copenhagen, 8 November 2013, pp. 23-35

Ontological definition – abstract

C.Roche. Handbook of Terminology, Volume 1, John Benjamins Publishing, 2015, pp.128-152

Terminologie conceptuelle versus Terminologie textuelle

Lettre Repères n°1, janvier 2012

2019

Knowledge-based terminological e-dictionaries: The EndoTerm and al-Andalus Pottery projects

C. Roche, R. Costa, S. Carvalho, B. Almeida. Terminology, International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Issues in Specialized Communication. Special Issue on “Terminology and e-dictionaries”, John Benjamins Publishing, 33 pages. Forthcoming

Tedi: a platform for ontologisation of multilingual terminologies for the Semantic Web

M. Papadopoulou, C. Roche. International Journal On Advances in Internet Technology, v 12 n 1&2 2019, 22 pages. Forthcoming

Rencontre entre une philologue et un terminologue au pays des ontologies

C. Roche, M. Papadopoulou. Revue d’Intelligence Artificielle, Numéro spécial Humanités Numériques, n°1/ 2019, 30 pages. A paraître

Terminologie et ontologie pour les humanités numériques : le cas des vêtements de la Grèce antique

C. Roche, M. Papadopoulou. Revue Humanités numériques, Humanistica, n°1, 22 pages. A paraître

Ontology for Smart City

C. Roche. Info-Tech 2019, 11th May 2019, Nanjing (China)

Terminology: Theory, Principles & Methods (Application to ISO Standards)

C. Roche. Invited talk. Renmin University, Beijing (China), 15th April 2019

Twinning Classics and A.I.: Building the new generation of ontology-based lexicographical tools and resources for Humanists on the Semantic Web

M. Papadopoulou, C. Roche. In S. Krauwer, D. Fišer (eds.) TwinTalks at DHN 2018 – Understanding Collaboration in Digital Humanities. Open access, University of Copenhagen, 5th March 2019

2018

Ontologization of Terminology. A worked example from the domain of ancient Greek dress

M. Papadopoulou, C. Roche. AIDAinformazioni Journal, number 1-2/2018, volume XXXVI

Structuring Humanities’ Data through Formal Domain Ontologies

M. Papadopoulou, C. Roche. EADH 2018: « Data in Digital Humanities ». 7-9 December 2018, Galway, Ireland

Invited Tutorial: What does « term meaning » mean?

C. Roche. NewTech 2018, 18-22 November 2018, Athens, Greece

Tedi: a platform for ontologisation of multilingual terminologies for the Semantic Web

M. Papadopoulou, C. Roche. SEMAPRO 2018: The Twelfth International Conference on Advances in Semantic Processing. 18-22 November 2018, Athens, Greece

Suggestions on Artificial Intelligence Research and Standardization

C. Roche. Foreign Experts Advisory Conference. 30th October 2018, Weihai (Shandong), China

Néologisme en chinois : une méthode basée sur le « clustering » pour faciliter l’introduction de termes occidentaux vers le chinois

J. Roche, Z. Zhang, Y. Jia, C. Roche. LTT 2018, Lexicologie Terminologie Traduction, Grenoble (France), 27-28 septembre 2018

Terminology and Ontology for knowledge management

C. Roche. Workshop Rossio Project, Lisbon (Portugal), 20 September 2018

Définition ontologique du terme. Le cas des vêtements de la Grèce antique

C. Roche, M. Papadopoulou. LTT 2018, Lexicologie Terminologie Traduction, Grenoble (France), 27-28 septembre 2018

Ontology for Terminology: How to bring terminology to industrial applications in the digital world

C. Roche, International Conference on Standardization of Language Resources and Translation and Interpreting Services, Hangzhou (China), 16-17 June, 2018.

Transparency of Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion Terms

Zhenling Zhang, Yangli Jia, Christophe Roche, Xuecheng Zhang, Julien Roche, Maria Papadopoulou. TOTh 2018, Terminology & Ontology : Theories and applications, Chambéry (France), 7-8 June 2018.

Proposition d’un modèle computationnel du concept pour la Terminologie

J. Roche, C. Roche, Zhenling Zhang, Yangli Jia, Tong Wei. TOTh 2018, Terminology & Ontology : Theories and applications, Chambéry (France), 7-8 June 2018.

Term formation method for Chinese neoterm based on concept model and Chinese attribute-head construction

Zhenling Zhang, Christophe Roche, Yangli Jia, Julien Roche, Tong Wei. TOTh 2018, Terminology & Ontology : Theories and applications, Chambéry (France), 7-8 June 2018.

The Role of Conceptual Relations in the Drafting of Natural Language Definitions: an Example from the Biomedical Domain

S. Carvalho, R. Costa, C. Roche. LREC 2018, 2018, Miyazaki, Japan. I. Kernerman & S. Krek (eds.), Proceedings of the LREC 2018 Workshop “Globalex 2018 – Lexicography & WordNets.

2017

Ontoterminology of Ancient Greek Garments

M. Papadopoulou, C.Roche. TOTh 2017, Terminology & Ontology : Theories and applications, Chambéry (France), 8-9 June 2017. pp.73-92.

Archaeological classification and ontoterminology: the case of Islamic archaeology of the al-Andalus

Bruno Almeida, Christophe Roche, Rute Costa. TOTh 2017, Terminology & Ontology : Theories and applications, Chambéry (France), 8-9 June 2017. pp.221-236.

2016

Nommer les choses : une approche conceptuelle du lexique des textiles dans les papyrus de l’époque ptolémaïque

M. Papadopoulou, C.Roche, P. Flemestad. Journées d’étude, Programme 413 de l’IFAO, Le Caire (Egypte) 30-31 Octobre 2016

Préservation des mémoires numériques – Apports du terme et du concept – abstract

C.Roche. AIDAinformazioni, Rivista semestrale di Scienze dell’Informazione, N.1-2, Anno 34, gennaio-giugno 2016, pp.37-55

Terminology and ontology development in the domain of Islamic archaeology

B.Almeida, C.Roche, R.Costa. TKE 2016, 12th International conference on Terminology and Knowledge Engineering, Copenhagen, 22nd – 24th June 2016, pp.147-156

LESS Can Indeed Be More: Linguistic and Conceptual Challenges in the Age of Interoperability

S.Carvalho, R.Costa, C.Roche. TKE 2016, 12th International conference on Terminology and Knowledge Engineering, Copenhagen, 22nd – 24th June 2016, pp.157-167

Le tournant linguistique et le renouveau conceptuel : 10 ans après

R. Costa, C.Roche. Conférence d’ouverture, TOTh 2016, Terminology & Ontology: Theories and application, Chambéry (France), 9-10 juin 2016

Pour une renovatio du thesaurus PREALP, au coeur des humanités numériques

D. Rigaux, C.Roche. TOTh 2016, Terminology & Ontology: Theories and application, Chambéry (France), 9-10 juin 2016

Ontoterminology meets lexicography: The Multimodal Online Dictionary of Endometriosis (MODE) – abstract

S.Carvalho, R.Costa, C.Roche. GLOBALEX 2016, Lexicographic Resources for Human Language Technology, Portorož, Slovenia, 24 May 2016

2015

Ontological definition – abstract

C.Roche. Handbook of Terminology, Volume 1, John Benjamins Publishing, 2015, pp.128-152

Révision en cours des normes ISO 1087 & 704

C.Roche, R.Costa. TOTh 2015 Workshop, Terminology and Standards, Luxembourg, 3rd December 2015

Ontologies for terminological purposes: the EndoTerm project

S. Carvalho, C.Roche, R. Costa.TIA 2015, Terminology and Artificial Intelligence, Granada (Spain), 4-6 November, pp. 17-27

Why read when you can watch? Video articles and knowledge representation within the medical domain

S. Carvalho, C.Roche, R. Costa. TOTh 2015, Terminology & Ontology: Theories and application, Chambéry (France), 4-5 Juin

2014

Multilingual terminology: the ontological approach

C. Roche, L. Damas, J. Roche. CIDOC 2014 (International Committee for Documentation), Dresden (Germany), 6-11 September 2014

2013

Représentations formelles en terminologie

C.Roche. Verbal and Nonverbal Representation in Terminology, TOTh Workshop 2013, Copenhagen, 8 November 2013, pp. 23-35

2012

Should Terminology Principles be re-examined?

C.Roche. TKE 2012, 10th Terminology and Knowledge Engineering Conference , Madrid (Spain), 19-22 June 2012, pp.17-32

Ontoterminology: How to unify terminology and ontology into a single paradigm

C.Roche. LREC 2012, Eighth international conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, Istanbul (Turkey), 21-27 May 2012, pp. 2626-2630

Ontologie : entre terminologie et connaissance de spécialité

C.Roche. Conférence invitée, GLAT 2012, Terminologies : textes, discours et accès aux savoirs spécialisés », Genova (Italie), 14-­16 mai 2012

Before 2012

L’Isagoge de Porphyre

C.Roche. TOTh 2011, Terminology & Ontology: Theories and applications, Annecy, 26-27 May 2011, pp. 23-33

Synonymy in Terminology: the Contribution of Ontoterminology

C. Roche, M. Calberg-Challot. Re-thinking synonymy, Helsinki, October 28-30, 2010

Conceptualization and term formation: an ontology for chess terminology

F. Ní Ghallchobhair, C. Roche. TKE (Terminology and Knowledge Engineering) Workshop « Establishing and using ontologies as a basis for terminological and knowledge engineering resources », Dublin, 14th August 2010

Définition du terme vs. définition du concept

M. Calberg-Challot, C. Roche, L. Damas. 8èmes Journées scientifiques du réseau LTT (Lexicologie, Terminologie, Traduction), 15-17 octobre 2009, Lisbonne

Ontoterminology: A new paradigm for terminology

C. Roche, M. Calberg-Challot, L. Damas, P. Rouard. KEOD 2009 (International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Ontology Development), 5-8 October, Madeira (Portugal)

Ontology matching for collaborative engineering

C. Roche. ECEC’2009 (16th European Concurrent Engineering Conference), pp 105-109, Bruges, Belgium, April 15-17, 2009.

Aristotelian Ontologies and OWL Modeling

M. Spies, C. Roche. Handbook of Ontologies for Business Interaction. Information Science Reference, Hershey, New York, pp. 21-33, 2008

Quelle terminologie pour les sociétés de l’information ?

C. Roche. Lexique, dictionnaire et connaissance dans une société multilingue, Cahiers de linguistique, pp. 139 – 160, 2007 [2008], vol. 33/1, ISSN 0771-6524, ISBN 978-2-930481-52-4.

Entre idée et concept : vers l’ontologie

L. Depecker, C. Roche. Revue Langages n° 168, avril 2007, pp 106-114, Editions Larousse

Saying is not modelling

C.Roche. NLPCS 2007, Natural Language Processing and Cognitive Science, Funchal (Portugal), 12-13 June 2007, pp. 47-56

Cartographie sémantique de fonds numériques scientifiques et techniques

C. Tricot, C. Roche, C. Foveau, S. Reguigui. Document Numérique « Visualisation pour les bibliothèques numériques », pp.13-36, Vol. 9 – n°2/2006

Visualisation of Ontology: a focus and context approach

Tricot, C. and C. Roche InSciT2006, Mérida, October 25-28th 2006, Spain

How words map concepts

C. Roche. VORTE 2006 – 10th IEEE EDOC Conference. Hong Kong. 16-20 October 2006

Lexical and Conceptual Structures in Ontology

C. Roche. Special Session “Ontology and Text”, XIX IEA/AIE, Annecy 27-30 June 2006. Advances in Applied Artificial Intelligence, LNAI 4031, Springer, pp. 1034-1041

Ontology for long-term knowledge

XIX IEA/AIE, Annecy 27-30 June 2006, Advances in Applied Artificial Intelligence, LNAI 4031, Springer, pp. 583-589

M. Spies, C. Roche. « Aristotelian ontologies and OWL modelling

Third International Workshop on Philosophy and Informatics. Saarbrücken, Germany – May 3-4, 2006

C. Foveau, C. Roche, C. Tricot « An Ontology Oriented Approach for Knowledge Criticity Analysis

A. Dourgnon-Hanoune, P. Salaün, C. Roche. ECEC’2006, April 17-19, 2006, Athens, Greece, pp 11-17

Visual Information Exploration: A Return on Experience in Knowledge Base Management

C. Tricot and C. Roche. ICAI’05 – The 2005 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, 2005

How to value and transmit nuclear industry long term knowledge

A. Dourgnon-Hanoune, E. Mercier-Laurent, C. Roche. ICEIS 2005, 7th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, Miami, 24-28 May 2005

Terminologie et ontologie

C.Roche. Revue Langages, 39e année, n°157, 2005, pp. 48-62

C. Roche « From Information Society to Knowledge Society: the Ontological Issue » CASYS’ 2001. Liège, Belgium, August 13-18 2001

C. Roche « The ‘Specific-Difference’ Principle: a Methodology for Building Consensual and Coherent Ontologies » IC-AI’2001: Las Vegas, USA, June 25-28 2001

C. Roche « A Computational Model for Lexical Semantics based on Metaphysics, Structuralism and Logic » CLIN 2000 : Eleventh CLIN Meeting (Computational Linguistics in the Netherlands). Tilburg, Netherlands, November 3rd 2000

C. Roche « Enterprise Ontologies for Communication and Knowledge Sharing » NIMES TIC’2000: International Conference : Systems Engineering and Information & Communication Technology. Nîmes, France, 11, 12 et 13 Septembre 2000

C. Roche « Ontology : A Key Point for Concurrent Engineering » CAPE’99 : the 15th International Conference on Computer-Aided Production Engineering. Durham, UK, April 19-21 1999. pp 217-222. Edited by P.G. Maropoulos and J.A. McGeough. ISBN0 9535558 0 1

Y. Dumond, C. Roche « A Multi-Agent System Architecture for Manufacture : a Formal Specification with the PI Calculus » CAPE’99 : the 15th International Conference on Computer-Aided Production Engineering. Durham, UK, April 19-21 1999. pp 337-344. Edited by P.G. Maropoulos and J.A. McGeough. ISBN0 9535558 0 1

V. Marik, M. Pechoucek, C. Roche « PVS98 Agent models and their application in Production Planning » 3rd IEEE / IFIP International Conference, BASYS’98 Balanced Automation Systems. Prague, Czech Republic, August 26-28 1998

C. Roche, S. Fitouri, R. Glardon, M. Pouly« The potential of Multi-Agent Systems in Virtual Manufacturing Enterprises ».DEXA 98, 9th International Conference and Workshops on Database and Expert Systems Applications. Vienna, Austria, August 24-28 1998

S. Lacroix, J.C. Marty, C. Roche « A Model of Ontologies by Differentiation ». Fifth International ISKO (International Society for Knowledge Organisation) Conference on « Structures & Relations in Knowledge Organization », Lille, France, August 25-29 1998

C. Roche, Y. Dumond « From Concurrent Engineering to Collaborative Engineering : An Agent-Oriented Approach » ECEC’98, 5th European Concurrent Engineering Conference (SCS: Society for Computer Simulation), Erlangen-Nurember, Germany, April 26-29 1998

S. Lacroix, J.C. Marty, C. Roche, I. Blanc « Modelisation and Acquisition of Ontologies defined by differentiation » KEML’98, 8th Workshop on Knowledge Engineering : Methods & Languages. Karlsruhe, Germany, January 21-23, 1998

C. Roche, Y. Dumond, JC. Marty, JC Profizi « Modelling Enterprise using Concurrent Engineering Paradigms » 11th International conference on Mathematical and Computer Modelling and Scientifc Computing, Washington, USA, March 31, April 3, 1997

JC Marty, C Roche, G Lopez, D Fumey, S Lacroix « Contribution of the Relation Theory for Knowledge Representation and Understanding » SEKE ’97 The Ninth International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, June 18-20, 1997, Madrid (Spain)

Dumond Y., Roche C., Etienne J.L. « BAAL : an agent-oriented language for modelling and simulation » 8th European Simulation Symposium, ESS’96, Genoa, Italy, October 24-26 1996

Schweyer B., Roche C., Haurat A.« Enterprise modelling in terms of projects using multi-agent systems » Fifteenth International Conference on Modelling, Identification and control, Innsbruck, Austria, February 19-21 1996

Dumond Y., Roche C., Violland A.« Implementing a Reflective Concurrent Object-Oriented Architecture with the P-Calculus» Fourteenth International Conference on Applied Informatics, Innsbruck, Austria, February 20-22 1996

Roche C., Roche J., Deloule F. « Ontological Knowledge Representation » 6th Workshop on Knowledge Engineering Methods and Languages.Paris, France, January 15-16 1996

Deloule F., Marty JC., Roche C. « RIO : a framework for ontological knowledge representation », OOCNS’95: Object-Oriented Computing in Natural Sciences, Grenoble, France, November 21-24, 1995

Deloule F., Roche C.« Ontologies & Knowledge Representation » 1995 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics,Vancouver, Canada, October 22-25, 1995

Roche C., Lopez G., Dumond Y. « Application of graph transformation to declarative knowledge bases » 10th International conference on Mathematical and Computer Modelling and Scientifc Computing, Boston, USA, July 5-8, 1995

Dumond Y., Roche C., Stinckwich S. « Distributed problem-slowing with the K/1 agent-based language » 13th IASTED International Conference on Applied Informatics. Innsbruck, Austria february 21-23, 1995

Roche C., Deloule F., Policastro R. « BRS : A Generic-Binary Relation System for Knowledge-Based Systems », International Conference on Modelling Languages for KBS, Amsterdam, January 30-31, 1995

Roche C., F. Deloule, J.C. Profizi « Dynamic Modelling and Simulation of Information Systems using Multi-Agent Systems », DYNMOD IV : Dynamic Modelling of Information Systems, Noordwojkerhout, The Netherlands, September 28-30, 1994.

Roche C. « How to structure Data : The object oriented approach », Long paper, CODATA’94, 14th International Conference, Chambéry, France, September 18-22, 1994

Dumond Y., Roche C., Stinckwich S. « From Object to Agent : the K/1 agent oriented language » 19th International Conference on Information Technologies and Programming. Sofia Bulgarie, June 26 – July 2, 1994


International Collaborations

On top of international collaborations set up during European projects, organization of Conferences, ISO works, and Lectures, 2 strong partnerships have been established with:

University NOVA of Lisbon (Portugal)

Collaboration with the Linguistic Research of the University NOVA of Lisbon (CLUNL) started in 2006. It is about Terminology and Ontology. It includes: I) Research Projects; II) Co-supervision of PhD students; III) Lectures on Terminology, Ontology and Knowledge Representation at Master and PhD degree; IV) Organization of Conferences.

University of Liaocheng (China)

Collaboration with the Computer Science Department of the Liaocheng University started in 2012. It concerns Terminology and Ontology about: I) Research Projects; II) Co-supervision of PhD students; III) Post-graduate courses on Terminology, Ontology and Knowledge Representation, Digital Humanities.

Creation of a new research center at University of Liaocheng. The KETRC (Knowledge Engineering & Terminology Research Centre) was launched on November 5th 2017 in collaboration with Prof. Roche Christophe (University Savoie Mont-Blanc, France) awarded in 2017 by the Talent Program of the Shandong Province.


Terminology & Ontology: Theories and applications

Chairman of the TOTh Scientific Community since its creation in 2007.

The TOTh community was created more than ten years ago and, ever since, has drawn together researchers, teachers, trainers, practitioners, users and industrialists whose interests concern terminology and, in a more general way, the links between language and knowledge in the context of our discipline.

TOTh is open to all streams of thought, and sets out to provide a forum of exchange and sharing where problems are presented along with solutions and feedback from experience, on both the theoretic and the applied planes, as well as new tendencies and perspectives in the disciplines associated with terminology (translation, lexicography, knowledge engineering, the information sciences …).

The TOTh international community comprises more than 20 different nationalities and the most prominent personalities in the domain. The official languages are French and English. The annual events that TOTh organises include a conference, a training session, both of them organized at University Savoie Mont-Blanc (France), and a Workshop.

Download the flyer (in English and French)

  • TOTh Web site
  • TOTh Conferences
  • TOTh Training sessions
  • TOTh Workshops

An ontoterminology is a terminology whose conceptual system is a formal ontology. Ontoterminology makes explicit the double dimension of Terminology (linguistic and conceptual). This new paradigm both preserves the linguistic diversity taking into account multilingualism and allows to standardize domain knowledge.

Contact: Prof. Christophe Roche

Condillac Research Group – LISTIC Lab.

Campus Scientifique – University Savoie Mont-Blanc

73 376 – Le Bourget du Lac cedex – France

tel: +33 (0) 479 758 779 – mob: +33 (0) 686 250 705

roche@univ-savoie.fr – www.condillac.org – www.christophe-roche.fr

Ontoterminology

An ontology is not a terminology, and a terminology is not an ontology: they do not have the same goal. Nevertheless, ontology is today one of the most promising perspectives to Terminology (e.g. for IT applications) [1].

Ontoterminology, terminology whose conceptual system is a formal ontology, is a new paradigm [2] introduced in 2007 [3]. Based on the fact that linguistic and conceptual dimensions do not match, Ontoterminology makes explicit the double dimension of Terminology. Ontoterminology preserves the linguistic diversity taking into account multilingualism and allows to standardize the domain knowledge. Ontoterminology relies on a double semantic triangle. Term and Concept name are no longer confused, neither are Term definition and Concept definition.

Multilingual Terminology editor Building ontoterminologies is a task which requires a dedicated software environment. Tedi, for ontoTerminology EDItor, provides a set of useful tools based on epistemological principles. Tedi allows to define the formal ontology and the set of terms in the different languages independently of each other. The different sets of terms are linked through the shared ontology. It also allows objects and proper names editing as well as export in different exchange formats (RDF, HTML, SKOS, JSON).

Bibliography

[1] Terminologie et ontologie

C.Roche. Revue Langages, 39e année, n°157, 2005, pp. 48-62

[2] Ontoterminology: How to unify terminology and ontology into a single paradigm

C.Roche. LREC 2012, Eighth international conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, 
Istanbul (Turkey), 21-27 May 2012, pp. 2626-2630

[3] Le terme et le concept : fondements d’une ontoterminologie

C.Roche. TOTh 2007, Terminologie & Ontologie : Théories et applications, Annecy (France), 1er juin 2007, pp. 1-22

Tedi

Multilingual Terminology editor

Tedi, for ontoTerminology EDItor, is a software environment dedicated to building multilingual ontoterminology (an ontoterminology is a terminology whose conceptual system is a formal ontology).Tedi allows to define the formal ontology and the set of terms in the different languages independently of each other. The different set of terms are linked through the shared ontology.

Tedi offers a set of tools for building ontologies and the lists of terms. It also allows objects and proper names editing as well as export in different exchange formats (RDF, HTML, SKOS, JSON).

Tedi is written in Smalltalk (Cincom VisualWorks)

  • Conceptual dimension

Based on essential and descriptive characteristics, Tedi provides epistemological guidelines (Aristotelian principles) for building a consistent conceptual system (logical properties are verified during the ontology building process). For example in specifying new generic concepts, only valid concepts are proposed by Tedi.

  • Linguistic dimension

The lists of terms are defined independently of each other in each language using the Tedi Term-List editor. The lists of terms are automatically put into relation due to the common ontology.

Based on the fact that a term denotes a concept, we can define equivalence in terminology and synonymy in terminology when two terms denote the same concept. Under such a condition, Tedi automaticaly calculates the terminological equivalents and the terminological synonyms.

  • Export

Ontoterminologies can be exported in OTE (OntoTerminology Exchange), RDF/OWL, SKOS, JSON, and HTML.

« Puisque les mots sont les signes de nos idées, il faut que le système des langues soit formé sur celui de nos connaissances » Etienne Bonnot de Condillac, Grammaire 1780